Sources & methodology

UtilityBright has 52 tools in 5 categories and 64 single-conversion pages. This page explains where the rules and numbers behind them come from, how we test them and how we handle corrections. Last reviewed October 2026.

Everything runs in your browser

Each tool is a static page with JavaScript that runs on your device. What you type or paste is processed locally and is not sent to our servers. Random results (passwords, passphrases, dice, coin flips, wheels, pickers and team splits) use the Web Crypto API, crypto.getRandomValues, with rejection sampling so that every outcome is equally likely.

Standards and sources we follow

• Units: exact definitions from NIST Special Publication 811 and the SI Brochure (BIPM), including 1 inch = 2.54 cm, 1 pound = 0.45359237 kg and 1 US gallon = 3.785411784 L. Imperial units use the UK Weights and Measures Act 1985 values (1 imperial gallon = 4.54609 L).
• Cooking conversions: ingredient densities based on USDA FoodData Central and the King Arthur Baking ingredient weight chart, for spooned-and-leveled US cups (236.6 ml).
• Data formats: JSON (RFC 8259), CSV (RFC 4180), Base64 (RFC 4648), percent-encoding (RFC 3986), UUIDs (RFC 9562) and JSON Web Tokens (RFC 7519).
• Hashes: SHA-1 and SHA-2 per FIPS 180-4 via the browser’s Web Crypto API; MD5 per RFC 1321. Each is checked against the published test vectors.
• Barcodes and QR codes: EAN-13 and UPC-A check digits per the GS1 General Specifications; QR codes per ISO/IEC 18004 using the open-source node-qrcode library.
• Passphrases: the EFF long wordlist (7,776 words), so each word adds about 12.9 bits of entropy.
• Colors: contrast ratios per WCAG 2.2.

How we test

The core logic of every tool has automated unit tests: published test vectors, exact unit definitions, round trips (encode then decode, convert then convert back) and edge cases such as empty input, very large input, invalid JSON or Base64, emoji and right-to-left text. Every page is also loaded in a headless browser at phone and desktop sizes, in light and dark mode, to check that the tool works and that nothing overflows the screen.

Rounding

Converters calculate with full double-precision numbers and show up to 10 significant digits. Charts on conversion pages round to 6 significant digits for readability. Exact factors are shown in full where they are defined exactly.

Corrections

If a result looks wrong, email hello@utilitybright.com with the page, what you entered and what you expected. We check every report, fix confirmed errors and add a test so the same mistake cannot come back.

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